It was approved in October 2020 for hospitalized patients 12 years and older based on randomized, controlled clinical trials that found faster recovery times and statistically significant odds of improving conditions among hospitalized patients with mild to severe COVID-19 who received the drug, compared with those who got a placebo plus standard care. One FDA-approved treatment for COVID-19 is remdesivir, an intravenous antiviral drug. Paxlovid, for example, may not be suitable in people with kidney disease or those taking certain other drugs, while molnupiravir is not recommended for pregnant people. While potentially revolutionary for COVID-19 treatment, the pills are not a substitute for vaccination and come with some risks. REDACTED EMAIL FUNNY TRIALIt was shown in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to reduce hospitalization or death from any cause by 30% compared with a placebo after 29 days. Molnupiravir also prevents viral replication of SARS-CoV-2, but works in a different way, by introducing errors into the virus’s genetic code. Paxlovid was found in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to reduce COVID-19-related hospitalization or death from any cause by 88% compared with a placebo after 28 days of follow-up. Paxlovid consists of nirmatrelvir, a protease inhibitor that prevents replication of the coronavirus, or SARS-CoV-2 and ritonavir, a drug that slows breakdown of nirmatrelvir. The pills should be given as early as possible and no later than five days after symptoms begin. Both drugs are authorized for patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk of severe disease. REDACTED EMAIL FUNNY FULLMost of these have emergency use authorization, rather than full approval, from the Food and Drug Administration.Īt the end of December 2021, the FDA authorized for em ergency use the first oral antivirals for COVID-19, Pfizer’s Paxlovid and Merck’s molnupiravir. There are no cures for COVID-19, but an increasing number of evidence-based treatments have been identified. Updated, July 1: We updated this item to incorporate findings from our story “ The Facts – and Gaps – on the Origin of the Coronavirus.” Chinese officials reported an outbreak of mysterious pneumonia cases to the World Health Organization on Dec. The earliest known human cases of the disease occurred in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. Many scientists with expertise in coronaviruses nevertheless consider a lab escape unlikely, and a leak of an engineered virus highly implausible, if not impossible. “Knowing how COVID-19 emerged is critical for informing global strategies to mitigate the risk of future outbreaks.” “Theories of accidental release from a lab and zoonotic spillover both remain viable,” they wrote. The authors said an accidental laboratory release of the naturally occurring virus can’t be ruled out, but they “do not believe that any type of laboratory-based scenario is plausible.”īut on May 14, 2021, the journal Science published a letter from 18 scientists calling for “more investigation” to determine the pandemic’s origin. No precursor virus, however, has been identified.Īn article published in Nature Medicine in March 2020 found that SARS-CoV-2 “is not a laboratory construct or a purposefully manipulated virus.” The authors, who analyzed genomic data, said that the virus likely originated through “natural selection in an animal host before zoonotic transfer,” or “natural selection in humans following zoonotic transfer.” Other teams have turned up multiple other bat viruses that are more closely related, once factoring in the viral habit of exchanging chunks of genetic material. Researchers in China have said SARS-CoV-2 shares 96% of its genome with a bat virus. The virus is indeed similar to bat coronaviruses. Lacking proof of that transfer, however, some scientists say more investigation is needed, and that there could have been an accidental laboratory leak, either of a naturally occurring virus or a lab-enhanced one. Such zoonotic transfers have happened before with the coronaviruses responsible for SARS and MERS. The scientific consensus has been that the virus likely originated in bats and then jumped to humans either directly or indirectly, through contact with an animal. The exact origin of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes the disease COVID-19, remains unknown.
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